空调维修准确加氟的方法
The method of adding fluorine accurately in air conditioning maintenance
加氟是空调维修的一项基本功，同时又是技术性很强的工作。以下是同行们在维修实践中摸索出来的一些经验，与读者共同探讨。
Adding fluorine is not only a basic function of air conditioning maintenance, but also a highly technical work. The following are some experiences that the peers have found out in the maintenance practice, and discuss with the readers.
一、准确加氟的前提条件
1、 The precondition of adding fluorine accurately
1.维修的空调必须符合其使用条件及安装标准。
1. The air conditioner to be maintained must meet its service conditions and installation standards.
2.维修的空调控制系统及执行元件必须正常；管路系统必须已有效排除空气、水分、阻塞、泄漏点等情况；过滤网、内外热交换器应清洁，通风良好。
2. The maintained air conditioning control system and actuator must be normal; the pipeline system must have effectively eliminated air, moisture, blockage, leakage point and other conditions; the filter screen and internal and external heat exchanger shall be clean and well ventilated.
3.维修工具及材料必须合格。
3. Maintenance tools and materials must be qualified.
4.严格按加氟工艺*作。
4. Strictly follow the fluorination process.
二、准确加氟的依据和方法
2、 Basis and method of adding fluorine accurately
1.定量加氟：在三通截止阀工艺口连接好三通阀、压力表、加氟软管、氟瓶或真空泵等。放氟抽真空后，开始慢慢加氟。用台秤等较精确的计量工具称重，当氟瓶内氟的减少量等于空调铭牌上的标准加氟量时，关闭氟瓶阀门。
1. Quantitative fluorination: connect three-way valve, pressure gauge, fluorination hose, fluorine bottle or vacuum pump at the process port of three-way stop valve. After defluorination and vacuumizing, start adding fluorine slowly. When the reduction of fluorine in the fluorine bottle is equal to the standard amount of fluorine added on the nameplate of air conditioner, close the valve of the fluorine bottle.
2.测电流：将空调设置于制冷或制热高速风状态（变频空调设置于试运转状态）下运转，在低压截止阀工艺口处，边加氟边观察钳形电流表变化，当接近空调铭牌标定的额定工作电流值时，关闭氟瓶阀门。此时，让空调继续运转一段时间，当制冷状态下室温接近27℃或制热状态下室温接近20℃时，再考虑室外机空气温度、电网电压高低等影响额定工作电流的因素，同时微调加氟的量使之达到额定工作电流值，做到准确加氟。要进行微调的原因是因为空调铭牌标定的额定工作电流值是空调厂家在以下工况条件测试的数据：制冷状态，电源电压220V或380V时风扇高速风，室内空气温度27℃，室外机空气温度35℃；制热状态，电源电压220V或380V时风扇高速风，室内空气温度20℃，室外机空气温度7℃。
2. Current measurement: set the air conditioner to the state of refrigeration or heating high-speed air (frequency conversion air conditioner is set to the state of test run), at the process port of low-pressure stop valve, add fluorine while observing the change of clamp type ammeter, when it is close to the rated working current value calibrated on the air conditioner nameplate, close the fluorine bottle valve. At this time, let the air conditioner continue to operate for a period of time. When the room temperature is close to 27 ℃ in the refrigeration state or 20 ℃ in the heating state, then consider the factors that affect the rated working current, such as the air temperature of the outdoor unit, the voltage of the power grid and so on. At the same time, fine tune the amount of adding fluorine to make it reach the rated working current value, so as to add fluorine accurately. The reason for fine adjustment is that the rated working current value calibrated on the nameplate of the air conditioner is the data tested by the air conditioner manufacturer under the following working conditions: Refrigeration state, high-speed fan when the power supply voltage is 220V or 380V, indoor air temperature is 27 ℃, and outdoor air temperature is 35 ℃; heating state, high-speed fan when the power supply voltage is 220V or 380V, indoor air temperature is 20 ℃, and outdoor air temperature is 20 ℃ 7 degrees Celsius.
实践总结的微调数据是：制冷状态下，以室外机空气温度35℃为标准，室外温度每升高或降低1℃，增加或减少额定工作电流值的1.4%；制热状态下，以室外机空气温度7℃为标准，室外温度每升高或降低1℃，增加或减少额定工作电流值的1%；制冷或制热状态下，以额定电源电压220V或380V为标准，电源电压每升高或降低1V，减少或增加额定工作电流值：单相1匹0.025A，1.5匹0.025A×1.5，2匹0.025A×2，3匹0.025A×3；三相3匹0.025A×3/3，5匹0.025A×5/3，10匹0.025A×10/3。
The fine tuning data summarized in practice are as follows: in the refrigeration state, take the air temperature of outdoor unit as the standard, increase or decrease 1.4% of the rated working current value every time the outdoor temperature rises or falls by 1 ℃; in the heating state, take the air temperature of outdoor unit as the standard, increase or decrease 1 ℃ of the rated working current value every time the outdoor temperature rises or falls by 1 ℃; in the refrigeration or heating state, take the Set the power supply voltage of 220V or 380V as the standard, reduce or increase the rated working current value every time the power supply voltage increases or decreases 1V: single-phase 1p 0.025a, 1.5p 0.025a × 1.5, 2p 0.025a × 2, 3P 0.025a × 3; three-phase 3P 0.025a × 3 / 3, 5p 0.025a × 5 / 3, 10p 0.025a × 10 / 3.
3.测压力法：将空调置于制冷高速风状态（冬天，制热需要加氟时，将空调设置于强制制冷状态或将室温传感器置于27℃左右的温水中，模拟夏天温度让空调处于制冷状态）下运转，在低压截止阀工艺口，边加氟边观察真空压力表的低压压力，当低压在0.49MPa（夏天）或0.25MPa（冬天），关闭氟瓶阀门。再考虑室外机空气温度高低、室内冷负荷大小等影响低压压力的因素，微调氟利昂的量和表压力，做到准确加氟。进行微调的原因是因为低压力与室内冷负荷成正比，即冷负荷越大，压力越高，反之越低；加氟工艺口及附近管道，因安装在室外，其压力及蒸发温度受外界气温影响很大，室内热交换器实际压力及蒸发温度夏天要偏高一些，冬天要偏低一些。实践中总结的在风扇高速风，室内温度为27℃的情况下，低压压力数据如附表所示。
3. Pressure measurement method: place the air conditioner in the state of high-speed cooling wind (in winter, when fluorine is needed for heating, set the air conditioner in the state of forced cooling or place the room temperature sensor in the warm water of about 27 ℃, simulate the temperature in summer to make the air conditioner in the state of cooling), observe the low-pressure of the vacuum pressure gauge while adding fluorine at the process port of the low-pressure stop valve, when the low-pressure is 0.49mpa (in summer) ）Or 0.25MPa (in winter), close the valve of fluorine bottle. Considering the factors that affect the low pressure, such as the air temperature of the outdoor unit and the indoor cooling load, fine tune the Freon quantity and gauge pressure, so as to add fluorine accurately. The reason for fine adjustment is that the low pressure is directly proportional to the indoor cooling load, i.e. the larger the cooling load is, the higher the pressure is, and vice versa; the pressure and evaporation temperature of the fluorine adding process port and nearby pipelines are greatly affected by the external temperature because they are installed outdoors, so the actual pressure and evaporation temperature of the indoor heat exchanger are higher in summer and lower in winter. Under the condition of high-speed fan and indoor temperature of 27 ℃, the low-pressure data summarized in practice are shown in the attached table.